ksud: migrate ksud execution to security_bprm_check (tiann#2653)

This migrates ksud execution decision-making to bprm_check_security.
This requires passing proper argv and envp to a modified _ksud handler
aptly named 'ksu_handle_bprm_ksud'.

Introduces:
int ksu_handle_bprm_ksud(const char *filename, const char *argv1,
const char *envp, size_t envp_len)

which is adapted from:
int ksu_handle_execveat_ksud(int *fd, struct filename **filename_ptr,
struct user_arg_ptr *argv,
struct user_arg_ptr *envp,
int *flags)

ksu_handle_bprm_ksud handles all the decision making, it decides when it is
time to apply_kernelsu_rules depending if it sees "second_stage".

For LSM hook, turns out we can pull out argv and envp from mm_struct.
The code in here explains itself on how to do it.

whole blob exists on arg_start to arg_end, so we just pull it out and grab next
array after the first null terminator.

as for envp, we pass the pointer then hunt for it when needed

My reasoning on adding a fallback on usercopy is that on some devices a fault
happens, and it copies garbled data. On my creation of this, I actually had to lock
that _nofault copy on a spinlock as a way to mimic preempt_disable/enable without
actually doing it. As per user reports, no failed _nofault copies anyway but we
have-to-have a fallback for resilience.

References:
- old version1 6efcd8193e
- old version2 37d5938e66
- bad usercopy #21

This now provides a small helper function, ksu_copy_from_user_retry, which explains
itself. First we attempt a _nofault copy, if that fails, we try plain.

With that, It also provides an inlined copy_from_user_nofault for < 5.8.

While using strncpy_from_user_nofault was considered, this wont do, this will
only copy up to the first \0.

devlog:
16e5dce9e7...16c1f5f521
28642e60d7...728de0c571

References:
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.14.1/source/include/linux/mm_types.h#L429
https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.14.1/source/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h

Stale: https://github.com/tiann/KernelSU/pull/2653

Signed-off-by: backslashxx <118538522+backslashxx@users.noreply.github.com>

kernel/core_hook.c

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <linux/uidgid.h>
 #include <linux/version.h>
 #include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/binfmts.h>
 
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/namei.h>
@@ -1424,6 +1425,20 @@ static int ksu_key_permission(key_ref_t key_ref, const struct cred *cred,
 	return 0;
 }
 #endif
+
+int ksu_bprm_check(struct linux_binprm *bprm)
+{
+	char *filename = (char *)bprm->filename;
+	
+	if (likely(!ksu_execveat_hook))
+		return 0;
+
+	ksu_handle_pre_ksud(filename);
+
+	return 0;
+
+}
+
 static int ksu_inode_rename(struct inode *old_inode, struct dentry *old_dentry,
 			    struct inode *new_inode, struct dentry *new_dentry)
 {
@@ -1445,6 +1460,8 @@ static struct security_hook_list ksu_hooks[] = {
 	defined(CONFIG_IS_HW_HISI) ||	\
 	defined(CONFIG_KSU_ALLOWLIST_WORKAROUND)
 	LSM_HOOK_INIT(key_permission, ksu_key_permission)
+#ifndef CONFIG_KSU_KPROBES_HOOK
+	LSM_HOOK_INIT(bprm_check_security, ksu_bprm_check),
 #endif
 };
 

kernel/kernel_compat.c

@@ -70,8 +70,10 @@ void ksu_android_ns_fs_check(void)
 	if (current->nsproxy && current->fs &&
 	    current->nsproxy->mnt_ns != init_task.nsproxy->mnt_ns) {
 		android_context_saved_enabled = true;
+#ifdef CONFIG_KSU_DEBUG
 		pr_info("android context saved enabled due to init mnt_ns(%p) != android mnt_ns(%p)\n",
 			current->nsproxy->mnt_ns, init_task.nsproxy->mnt_ns);
+#endif
 		ksu_save_ns_fs(&android_context_saved);
 	} else {
 		pr_info("android context saved disabled\n");
@@ -93,7 +95,9 @@ struct file *ksu_filp_open_compat(const char *filename, int flags, umode_t mode)
 	// switch mnt_ns even if current is not wq_worker, to ensure what we open is the correct file in android mnt_ns, rather than user created mnt_ns
 	struct ksu_ns_fs_saved saved;
 	if (android_context_saved_enabled) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_KSU_DEBUG
 		pr_info("start switch current nsproxy and fs to android context\n");
+#endif
 		task_lock(current);
 		ksu_save_ns_fs(&saved);
 		ksu_load_ns_fs(&android_context_saved);
@@ -104,7 +108,9 @@ struct file *ksu_filp_open_compat(const char *filename, int flags, umode_t mode)
 		task_lock(current);
 		ksu_load_ns_fs(&saved);
 		task_unlock(current);
+#ifdef CONFIG_KSU_DEBUG
 		pr_info("switch current nsproxy and fs back to saved successfully\n");
+#endif
 	}
 	return fp;
 }
@@ -208,3 +214,27 @@ long ksu_strncpy_from_user_retry(char *dst, const void __user *unsafe_addr,
 
 	return ret;
 }
+
+long ksu_copy_from_user_nofault(void *dst, const void __user *src, size_t size)
+{
+#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(5, 8, 0)
+	return copy_from_user_nofault(dst, src, size);
+#else
+	// https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.8/source/mm/maccess.c#L205
+	long ret = -EFAULT;
+	mm_segment_t old_fs = get_fs();
+
+	set_fs(USER_DS);
+	// tweaked to use ksu_access_ok
+	if (ksu_access_ok(src, size)) {
+		pagefault_disable();
+		ret = __copy_from_user_inatomic(dst, src, size);
+		pagefault_enable();
+	}
+	set_fs(old_fs);
+
+	if (ret)
+		return -EFAULT;
+	return 0;
+#endif
+}

kernel/kernel_compat.h

@@ -77,6 +77,23 @@ extern ssize_t ksu_kernel_read_compat(struct file *p, void *buf, size_t count,
 				      loff_t *pos);
 extern ssize_t ksu_kernel_write_compat(struct file *p, const void *buf,
 				       size_t count, loff_t *pos);
+extern long ksu_copy_from_user_nofault(void *dst, const void __user *src, size_t size);
+/*
+ * ksu_copy_from_user_retry
+ * try nofault copy first, if it fails, try with plain
+ * paramters are the same as copy_from_user
+ * 0 = success
+ */
+static long ksu_copy_from_user_retry(void *to, 
+		const void __user *from, unsigned long count)
+{
+	long ret = ksu_copy_from_user_nofault(to, from, count);
+	if (likely(!ret))
+		return ret;
+
+	// we faulted! fallback to slow path
+	return copy_from_user(to, from, count);
+}
 
 #if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(5, 0, 0)
 #define ksu_access_ok(addr, size)	access_ok(addr, size)

kernel/ksud.c

@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ static void stop_input_hook(void);
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_KSU_KPROBES_HOOK
 static struct work_struct stop_vfs_read_work;
-static struct work_struct stop_execve_hook_work;
+static struct work_struct stop_bprm_check_work;
 static struct work_struct stop_input_hook_work;
 #else
 bool ksu_vfs_read_hook __read_mostly = true;
-bool ksu_execveat_hook __read_mostly = true;
 bool ksu_input_hook __read_mostly = true;
 #endif
+bool ksu_execveat_hook __read_mostly = true;
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_KSU_SUSFS_SUS_SU
 bool susfs_is_sus_su_ready = false;
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ void on_post_fs_data(void)
     is_boot_phase = false;
 }
 
-#define MAX_ARG_STRINGS 0x7FFFFFFF
 struct user_arg_ptr {
 #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
 	bool is_compat;
@@ -108,75 +107,11 @@ struct user_arg_ptr {
 	} ptr;
 };
 
-static const char __user *get_user_arg_ptr(struct user_arg_ptr argv, int nr)
+// since _ksud handler only uses argv and envp for comparisons
+// this can probably work
+// adapted from ksu_handle_execveat_ksud
+static int ksu_handle_bprm_ksud(const char *filename, const char *argv1, const char *envp, size_t envp_len)
 {
-	const char __user *native;
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
-	if (unlikely(argv.is_compat)) {
-		compat_uptr_t compat;
-
-		if (get_user(compat, argv.ptr.compat + nr))
-			return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
-
-		ksu_is_compat = true;
-		return compat_ptr(compat);
-	}
-#endif
-
-	if (get_user(native, argv.ptr.native + nr))
-		return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT);
-
-	return native;
-}
-
-/*
- * count() counts the number of strings in array ARGV.
- */
-
-/*
- * Make sure old GCC compiler can use __maybe_unused,
- * Test passed in 4.4.x ~ 4.9.x when use GCC.
- */
-
-static int __maybe_unused count(struct user_arg_ptr argv, int max)
-{
-	int i = 0;
-
-	if (argv.ptr.native != NULL) {
-		for (;;) {
-			const char __user *p = get_user_arg_ptr(argv, i);
-
-			if (!p)
-				break;
-
-			if (IS_ERR(p))
-				return -EFAULT;
-
-			if (i >= max)
-				return -E2BIG;
-			++i;
-
-			if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
-				return -ERESTARTNOHAND;
-			cond_resched();
-		}
-	}
-	return i;
-}
-
-// IMPORTANT NOTE: the call from execve_handler_pre WON'T provided correct value for envp and flags in GKI version
-int ksu_handle_execveat_ksud(int *fd, struct filename **filename_ptr,
-			     struct user_arg_ptr *argv,
-			     struct user_arg_ptr *envp, int *flags)
-{
-#ifndef CONFIG_KSU_KPROBES_HOOK
-	if (!ksu_execveat_hook) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-#endif
-	struct filename *filename;
-
 	static const char app_process[] = "/system/bin/app_process";
 	static bool first_app_process = true;
 
@@ -186,113 +121,148 @@ int ksu_handle_execveat_ksud(int *fd, struct filename **filename_ptr,
 	static const char old_system_init[] = "/init";
 	static bool init_second_stage_executed = false;
 
-	if (!filename_ptr)
+	// return early when disabled
+	if (!ksu_execveat_hook)
 		return 0;
 
-	filename = *filename_ptr;
+	if (!filename)
-	if (IS_ERR(filename)) {
 		return 0;
-	}
 
-	if (unlikely(!memcmp(filename->name, system_bin_init,
+	// debug! remove me!
-			     sizeof(system_bin_init) - 1) &&
+	pr_info("%s: filename: %s argv1: %s envp_len: %zu\n", __func__, filename, argv1, envp_len);
-		     argv)) {
+
-		// /system/bin/init executed
+	if (init_second_stage_executed)
-		int argc = count(*argv, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);
+		goto first_app_process;
-		pr_info("/system/bin/init argc: %d\n", argc);
+
-		if (argc > 1 && !init_second_stage_executed) {
+	// /system/bin/init with argv1
-			const char __user *p = get_user_arg_ptr(*argv, 1);
+	if (!init_second_stage_executed 
-			if (p && !IS_ERR(p)) {
+		&& (!memcmp(filename, system_bin_init, sizeof(system_bin_init) - 1))) {
-				char first_arg[16];
+		if (argv1 && !strcmp(argv1, "second_stage")) {
-				ksu_strncpy_from_user_retry(
+			pr_info("%s: /system/bin/init second_stage executed\n", __func__);
-					first_arg, p, sizeof(first_arg));
+			apply_kernelsu_rules();
-				pr_info("/system/bin/init first arg: %s\n",
+			init_second_stage_executed = true;
-					first_arg);
+			ksu_android_ns_fs_check();
-				if (!strcmp(first_arg, "second_stage")) {
-					pr_info("/system/bin/init second_stage executed\n");
-					apply_kernelsu_rules();
-					init_second_stage_executed = true;
-					ksu_android_ns_fs_check();
-				}
-			} else {
-				pr_err("/system/bin/init parse args err!\n");
-			}
-		}
-	} else if (unlikely(!memcmp(filename->name, old_system_init,
-				    sizeof(old_system_init) - 1) &&
-			    argv)) {
-		// /init executed
-		int argc = count(*argv, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);
-		pr_info("/init argc: %d\n", argc);
-		if (argc > 1 && !init_second_stage_executed) {
-			/* This applies to versions between Android 6 ~ 7 */
-			const char __user *p = get_user_arg_ptr(*argv, 1);
-			if (p && !IS_ERR(p)) {
-				char first_arg[16];
-				ksu_strncpy_from_user_retry(
-					first_arg, p, sizeof(first_arg));
-				pr_info("/init first arg: %s\n", first_arg);
-				if (!strcmp(first_arg, "--second-stage")) {
-					pr_info("/init second_stage executed\n");
-					apply_kernelsu_rules();
-					init_second_stage_executed = true;
-					ksu_android_ns_fs_check();
-				}
-			} else {
-				pr_err("/init parse args err!\n");
-			}
-		} else if (argc == 1 && !init_second_stage_executed && envp) {
-			/* This applies to versions between Android 8 ~ 9  */
-			int envc = count(*envp, MAX_ARG_STRINGS);
-			if (envc > 0) {
-				int n;
-				for (n = 1; n <= envc; n++) {
-					const char __user *p =
-						get_user_arg_ptr(*envp, n);
-					if (!p || IS_ERR(p)) {
-						continue;
-					}
-					char env[256];
-					// Reading environment variable strings from user space
-					if (ksu_strncpy_from_user_retry(
-						    env, p, sizeof(env)) < 0)
-						continue;
-					// Parsing environment variable names and values
-					char *env_name = env;
-					char *env_value = strchr(env, '=');
-					if (env_value == NULL)
-						continue;
-					// Replace equal sign with string terminator
-					*env_value = '\0';
-					env_value++;
-					// Check if the environment variable name and value are matching
-					if (!strcmp(env_name,
-						    "INIT_SECOND_STAGE") &&
-					    (!strcmp(env_value, "1") ||
-					     !strcmp(env_value, "true"))) {
-						pr_info("/init second_stage executed\n");
-						apply_kernelsu_rules();
-						init_second_stage_executed =
-							true;
-						ksu_android_ns_fs_check();
-					}
-				}
-			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (unlikely(first_app_process && !memcmp(filename->name, app_process,
+	// /init with argv1
-						  sizeof(app_process) - 1))) {
+	if (!init_second_stage_executed 
+		&& (!memcmp(filename, old_system_init, sizeof(old_system_init) - 1))) {
+		if (argv1 && !strcmp(argv1, "--second-stage")) {
+			pr_info("%s: /init --second-stage executed\n", __func__);
+			apply_kernelsu_rules();
+			init_second_stage_executed = true;
+			ksu_android_ns_fs_check();
+		}
+	}
+
+	// /init without argv1/useless-argv1 but usable envp
+	// untested! TODO: test and debug me!
+	if (!init_second_stage_executed && (!memcmp(filename, old_system_init, sizeof(old_system_init) - 1))) {
+		
+		// we hunt for "INIT_SECOND_STAGE"
+		const char *envp_n = envp;
+		unsigned int envc = 1;
+		do {
+			if (strstarts(envp_n, "INIT_SECOND_STAGE"))
+				break;
+			envp_n += strlen(envp_n) + 1;
+			envc++;
+		} while (envp_n < envp + envp_len);
+		pr_info("%s: envp[%d]: %s\n", __func__, envc, envp_n);
+		
+		if (!strcmp(envp_n, "INIT_SECOND_STAGE=1")
+			|| !strcmp(envp_n, "INIT_SECOND_STAGE=true") ) {
+			pr_info("%s: /init +envp: INIT_SECOND_STAGE executed\n", __func__);
+			apply_kernelsu_rules();
+			init_second_stage_executed = true;
+			ksu_android_ns_fs_check();
+		}
+	}
+
+first_app_process:
+	if (first_app_process && !memcmp(filename, app_process, sizeof(app_process) - 1)) {
 		first_app_process = false;
-		pr_info("exec app_process, /data prepared, second_stage: %d\n",
+		pr_info("%s: exec app_process, /data prepared, second_stage: %d\n", __func__, init_second_stage_executed);
-			init_second_stage_executed);
+		on_post_fs_data();
-		on_post_fs_data(); // we keep this for old ksud
 		stop_execve_hook();
 	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+int ksu_handle_pre_ksud(const char *filename)
+{
+	if (likely(!ksu_execveat_hook))
+		return 0;
+
+	// not /system/bin/init, not /init, not /system/bin/app_process (64/32 thingy)
+	// return 0;
+	if (likely(strcmp(filename, "/system/bin/init") && strcmp(filename, "/init")
+		&& !strstarts(filename, "/system/bin/app_process") ))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!current || !current->mm)
+		return 0;
+
+	// https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.14.1/source/include/linux/mm_types.h#L429
+	// unsigned long arg_start, arg_end, env_start, env_end;
+	unsigned long arg_start = current->mm->arg_start;
+	unsigned long arg_end = current->mm->arg_end;
+	unsigned long env_start = current->mm->env_start;
+	unsigned long env_end = current->mm->env_end;
+
+	size_t arg_len = arg_end - arg_start;
+	size_t envp_len = env_end - env_start;
+
+	if (arg_len <= 0 || envp_len <= 0) // this wont make sense, filter it
+		return 0;
+
+	#define ARGV_MAX 32  // this is enough for argv1
+	#define ENVP_MAX 256  // this is enough for INIT_SECOND_STAGE
+	char args[ARGV_MAX];
+	size_t argv_copy_len = (arg_len > ARGV_MAX) ? ARGV_MAX : arg_len;
+	char envp[ENVP_MAX];
+	size_t envp_copy_len = (envp_len > ENVP_MAX) ? ENVP_MAX : envp_len;
+
+	// we cant use strncpy on here, else it will truncate once it sees \0
+	if (ksu_copy_from_user_retry(args, (void __user *)arg_start, argv_copy_len))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (ksu_copy_from_user_retry(envp, (void __user *)env_start, envp_copy_len))
+		return 0;
+
+	args[ARGV_MAX - 1] = '\0';
+	envp[ENVP_MAX - 1] = '\0';
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_KSU_DEBUG
+	char *envp_n = envp;
+	unsigned int envc = 1;
+	do {
+		pr_info("%s: envp[%d]: %s\n", __func__, envc, envp_n);
+		envp_n += strlen(envp_n) + 1;
+		envc++;
+	} while (envp_n < envp + envp_copy_len);
+#endif
+
+	// we only need argv1 !
+	// abuse strlen here since it only gets length up to \0
+	char *argv1 = args + strlen(args) + 1;
+	if (argv1 >= args + argv_copy_len) // out of bounds!
+		argv1 = "";
+
+	return ksu_handle_bprm_ksud(filename, argv1, envp, envp_copy_len);
+}
+
+int ksu_handle_execveat_ksud(int *fd, struct filename **filename_ptr,
+			     struct user_arg_ptr *argv, struct user_arg_ptr *envp,
+			     int *flags)
+{
+	// this is now handled via security_bprm_check
+	// we only keep this for the sake of old hooks.
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static ssize_t (*orig_read)(struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
 static ssize_t (*orig_read_iter)(struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
 static struct file_operations fops_proxy;
@@ -504,28 +474,13 @@ static int execve_handler_pre(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
 	return ksu_handle_execveat_ksud(fd, filename_ptr, &argv, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
-static int sys_execve_handler_pre(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
+extern int ksu_bprm_check(struct linux_binprm *bprm);
+static int bprm_check_handler_pre(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
-	struct pt_regs *real_regs = PT_REAL_REGS(regs);
+	struct linux_binprm *bprm_local = (struct linux_binprm *)PT_REGS_PARM1(regs);
-	const char __user **filename_user =
-		(const char **)&PT_REGS_PARM1(real_regs);
-	const char __user *const __user *__argv =
-		(const char __user *const __user *)PT_REGS_PARM2(real_regs);
-	struct user_arg_ptr argv = { .ptr.native = __argv };
-	struct filename filename_in, *filename_p;
-	char path[32];
 
-	if (!filename_user)
+	return ksu_bprm_check(bprm_local);
-		return 0;
+};
-
-	memset(path, 0, sizeof(path));
-	ksu_strncpy_from_user_nofault(path, *filename_user, 32);
-	filename_in.name = path;
-
-	filename_p = &filename_in;
-	return ksu_handle_execveat_ksud(AT_FDCWD, &filename_p, &argv, NULL,
-					NULL);
-}
 
 static int sys_read_handler_pre(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
@@ -546,9 +501,9 @@ static int input_handle_event_handler_pre(struct kprobe *p,
 	return ksu_handle_input_handle_event(type, code, value);
 }
 
-static struct kprobe execve_kp = {
+static struct kprobe bprm_check_kp = {
-	.symbol_name = SYS_EXECVE_SYMBOL,
+	.symbol_name = "security_bprm_check",
-	.pre_handler = sys_execve_handler_pre,
+	.pre_handler = bprm_check_handler_pre,
 };
 
 static struct kprobe vfs_read_kp = {
@@ -566,9 +521,9 @@ static void do_stop_vfs_read_hook(struct work_struct *work)
 	unregister_kprobe(&vfs_read_kp);
 }
 
-static void do_stop_execve_hook(struct work_struct *work)
+static void do_stop_bprm_check_hook(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	unregister_kprobe(&execve_kp);
+	unregister_kprobe(&bprm_check_kp);
 }
 
 static void do_stop_input_hook(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -636,11 +591,11 @@ static void stop_vfs_read_hook(void)
 static void stop_execve_hook(void)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_KSU_KPROBES_HOOK
-	bool ret = schedule_work(&stop_execve_hook_work);
+	bool ret = schedule_work(&stop_bprm_check_work);
 	pr_info("unregister execve kprobe: %d!\n", ret);
 #else
-	ksu_execveat_hook = false;
 	pr_info("stop execve_hook\n");
+	ksu_execveat_hook = false;
 #endif
 #ifdef CONFIG_KSU_SUSFS_SUS_SU
     susfs_is_sus_su_ready = true;
@@ -671,8 +626,8 @@ void ksu_ksud_init(void)
 #ifdef CONFIG_KSU_KPROBES_HOOK
 	int ret;
 
-	ret = register_kprobe(&execve_kp);
+	ret = register_kprobe(&bprm_check_kp);
-	pr_info("ksud: execve_kp: %d\n", ret);
+	pr_info("ksud: bprm_check_kp: %d\n", ret);
 
 	ret = register_kprobe(&vfs_read_kp);
 	pr_info("ksud: vfs_read_kp: %d\n", ret);
@@ -681,7 +636,7 @@ void ksu_ksud_init(void)
 	pr_info("ksud: input_event_kp: %d\n", ret);
 
 	INIT_WORK(&stop_vfs_read_work, do_stop_vfs_read_hook);
-	INIT_WORK(&stop_execve_hook_work, do_stop_execve_hook);
+	INIT_WORK(&stop_bprm_check_work, do_stop_bprm_check_hook);
 	INIT_WORK(&stop_input_hook_work, do_stop_input_hook);
 #endif
 }
@@ -689,7 +644,7 @@ void ksu_ksud_init(void)
 void ksu_ksud_exit(void)
 {
 #ifdef CONFIG_KSU_KPROBES_HOOK
-	unregister_kprobe(&execve_kp);
+	unregister_kprobe(&bprm_check_kp);
 	// this should be done before unregister vfs_read_kp
 	// unregister_kprobe(&vfs_read_kp);
 	unregister_kprobe(&input_event_kp);

kernel/ksud.h

@@ -11,4 +11,7 @@ bool ksu_is_safe_mode(void);
 
 extern u32 ksu_devpts_sid;
 
+extern bool ksu_execveat_hook __read_mostly;
+extern int ksu_handle_pre_ksud(const char *filename);
+
 #endif